Conventional vs Computer-Assisted vs Robotic Surgery
A balanced, educational review evaluating the differences in surgical planning, component alignment, intra-operative navigation, surgeon control, and clinical evidence across manual, computer-navigated, and robotic joint replacement.
Conventional Manual Surgery
Proven worldwide over decades using mechanical alignment jigs and surgeon tactile assessment. Dependent on individual anatomical landmarks.
Computer-Assisted Navigation
Intra-operative optical tracking verifies mechanical axes and component angles in real time without pre-operative CT scans.
Robotic-Assisted Surgery
Combines pre-operative 3D CT modeling with active haptic stereotactic boundary guidance and dynamic soft-tissue tension mapping.